MAINNET· live since 2020BLOCK #33,887,550FINALITY 6.00sOPS / BLOCK 0VALIDATORS 11 · 5 ORGSTOTAL XBN 369B XBNCIRCULATING 74.10B XBNHFBA CONSENSUS · 3–5s FINALITYMAINNET· live since 2020BLOCK #33,887,550FINALITY 6.00sOPS / BLOCK 0VALIDATORS 11 · 5 ORGSTOTAL XBN 369B XBNCIRCULATING 74.10B XBNHFBA CONSENSUS · 3–5s FINALITY
Bantu
Institutional Framework

Controls at the protocol layer.

Bantu is a financial-market infrastructure blockchain for issuing, distributing, governing, exchanging and settling tokenised value. The controls a regulated institution actually needs — allow-listing, freeze, clawback, multisignature governance, atomic settlement — are native protocol functions rather than bespoke smart-contract code. That removes an entire class of deployment, audit and upgrade risk before a single line of it is written.

Edition 1Last reviewed July 2026bantufoundation.org/institutions
Settlement finality
3–5 seconds

HFBA reaches externalisation in approximately three to five seconds. Final at ledger close — not probabilistic, not pending.

Consensus
Non-mining, non-staking

Validators establish trust through declared quorum relationships rather than hash power or token ownership.

Compliance controls
Native, not contract-based

Issuance, authorization, freeze and clawback are protocol operations. There is no token contract to deploy, audit or upgrade.

Audit surface
Full ledger, via API

The Expansion API exposes finalised ledgers, transactions, operations, effects, balances, signers, trustlines, assets and order books.

Executive summary

Financial infrastructure, not a speculative chain.#

Bantu's architecture is built for commercial banks, central banks, payment service providers, regulated stablecoin issuers, national switches, treasury platforms and cross-border settlement networks. Unlike chains that require a custom smart contract for every token, Bantu provides core financial controls natively at protocol level. A regulated institution can issue a fiat-backed stablecoin, tokenised bank deposit, CBDC, government bond, commodity token or settlement asset using issuer accounts, trustlines, authorization flags, multisignature accounts, path payments and the built-in exchange layer.

Its strongest position is not as a speculative blockchain. It is as an African and emerging-market financial infrastructure layer.

Architecture

Two layers — one of which you do not have to write.#

The most important policy controls in a regulated deployment do not depend on custom code. They are protocol functions, which reduces smart-contract risk, deployment complexity and audit burden simultaneously.

Figure 1 · Institutional deployment architecture
Layer 3 · Off-chain
The institution's systems
  • Core banking
  • KYC / KYB
  • Sanctions & PEP screening
  • Transaction monitoring
  • Treasury
  • Regulatory reporting
Layer 2 · Bantu protocol
Native control layer
  • Asset issuance
  • Trustlines
  • Authorization flags
  • Freeze & revocation
  • Clawback
  • Multisignature
  • Atomic transactions
  • Path payments
  • Order book
  • Claimable balances
  • Sponsored reserves
Layer 1 · Consensus
Harambee Federated Byzantine Agreement
  • 3–5 second finality
  • Non-mining
  • Non-staking
  • Quorum-defined trust
  • Immutable ledger history
What this removes
  • A custom token contract for every asset
  • An external audit for every contract
  • Deployment and upgrade risk
  • Bespoke access-control code
  • Contract-level attack surface
The institution retains its own systems of record and its own compliance obligations. The protocol supplies enforcement, settlement and an immutable audit trail beneath them.
Scope

What a regulated institution can issue.#

Every regulated asset on Bantu is associated with an identifiable issuer account. The asset is uniquely defined by its asset code and its issuing account, which cryptographically identifies the institution responsible for issuance and redemption. Two institutions may each issue a USD-denominated asset; they remain distinct because each is tied to its own issuer.

  • CBDCs
  • Tokenised commercial-bank deposits
  • Fiat-backed stablecoins
  • Settlement coins
  • Tokenised treasury bills and government bonds
  • Commodity-backed assets
  • Carbon credits
  • Trade-finance instruments
  • Loyalty and closed-loop instruments

Issuance, trustline distribution and issuer controls are native Bantu operations. They do not require a separate token contract to be deployed or audited.

Boundaries

What Bantu enforces — and what it does not.#

Bantu provides enforcement hooks. It does not independently conduct KYC, sanctions screening, transaction monitoring or regulatory reporting. Those functions remain the responsibility of the licensed institution: the central bank, commercial bank, licensed fintech, payment service provider, stablecoin issuer, anchor, regulated custodian or compliance provider operating on the network. Any vendor claiming otherwise is describing something the protocol layer cannot do.

Figure 2 · Division of responsibility
The institution's obligation

Off-chain, inside your own regulated perimeter, under your own licence.

  • KYC and KYB
  • Sanctions and PEP screening
  • Adverse-media checks
  • Transaction monitoring
  • Suspicious-activity reporting
  • Regulatory reporting
  • Customer legal terms
  • Liquidity provisioning
The boundary
The protocol's enforcement

On-chain, deterministic, and visible to every party to the transaction.

  • Allow-list enforcement
  • Trustline authorization
  • Account-level freeze
  • Clawback execution
  • Multisignature thresholds
  • Atomic settlement
  • Immutable audit trail
  • Real-time ledger visibility
Personal information stays inside the institution's controlled systems. The ledger holds cryptographic account references and transaction information.
Governance

What you must bring.#

Bantu provides the controls. Regulated institutions must provide the governance. A financial institution deploying on Bantu should establish each of the following before it issues a single unit.

  • Clear legal terms for asset holders
  • Formal KYC/KYB and sanctions policy
  • Transaction-monitoring and suspicious-activity workflows
  • Clawback and freeze governance
  • Multisignature key-management policy
  • HSM or MPC custody architecture
  • Segregation of duties
  • Independent audit trail
  • Disaster-recovery procedures
  • Validator and quorum governance
  • Liquidity and market-making policy
  • Data-privacy and PII-protection rules
  • Smart-workflow testing and change management
  • Regulatory reporting and supervisory access
The framework

Six chapters.#

Every factual claim about controls, finality, custody, supervision and programmability lives here. Other pages on this site summarise and link to these chapters; they do not restate them.

Next step

Bring us your control requirements.

The fastest way to evaluate Bantu is to put your own risk, compliance and treasury requirements against the register in chapter 01 and tell us where the gaps are. We will answer against the protocol, not against a roadmap.